中文| Classification | Grade | UNS No. | GB Grade | Main Chemical Composition (%) | Mechanical Properties | Impact Requirements | Heat Treatment Process | ||||||||||||||||||
| Austenitic Stainless Steel | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Ni | Cr | Mo | Cu | Ti | Other Elements | Tensile Strength Rm (Mpa) | Yield Strength Rp (Mpa) | Elongation A (%) | Reduction of Area Z (%) | Hardness HB | Temperature (°C) | Single Min. (J) | Average (J) | Process | Temperature | Cooling Method | |||
| F304 | S30400 | 0Cr18Ni9 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | ≤1.00 | 8.00-11.00 | 18.00-20.00 | - | - | - | N: 0.10 | ≥515 | ≥205 | ≥30 | ≥50 | ≤217 | - | - | - | Solution | 1050-1100°C | Water Quenching | |
| F304L | S30403 | 00Cr19Ni10 | ≤0.03 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | ≤1.00 | 8.00-13.00 | 18.00-20.00 | - | - | - | N: 0.10 | ≥485 | ≥170 | ≥30 | ≥50 | ≤200 | - | - | - | Solution | 1050-1100°C | Water Quenching | |
| F304H | S30409 | S30409 | 0.04-0.10 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | ≤1.00 | 8.00-11.00 | 18.00-20.00 | - | - | - | ≥520 | ≥205 | ≥40 | - | ≤187 | - | - | - | Solution | 1050-1100°C | Water Quenching | ||
| F316 | S31600 | ASTM A182 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | ≤1.00 | 10.00-14.00 | 16.00-18.00 | 2.00-3.00 | - | - | N: 0.10 | ≥515 | ≥205 | ≥30 | ≥50 | ≤217 | - | - | - | Solution | 1050-1100°C | Water Quenching | |
| F316L | S31603 | 00Cr17Ni12Mo2 | ≤0.03 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | ≤1.00 | 10.00-15.00 | 16.00-18.00 | 2.00-3.00 | - | - | N: 0.10 | ≥485 | ≥170 | ≥30 | ≥50 | ≤237 | - | - | - | Solution | 1050-1100°C | Water Quenching | |
| F316H | S31609 | 07Cr17Ni12Mo2 | 0.04-0.10 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | ≤1.00 | 10.00-14.00 | 16.00-18.00 | 2.00-3.00 | - | - | ≥515 | ≥205 | ≥30 | ≥50 | ≤187 | - | - | - | Solution | 1050-1100°C | Water Quenching | ||
| F347 | S34700 | 06Cr18Ni11Nb | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.030 | ≤1.00 | 9.00-13.00 | 17.00-20.00 | - | - | - | Nb: ≥10×C-1.10 | ≥515 | ≥205 | ≥30-40 | ≥50 | 180-220 | - | - | - | Solution Stabilization | 1050-1130°C 870-900°C | Water Quenching Air Cooling | |
| F321 | S32100 | 06Cr19Ni10 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | ≤1.00 | 9.00-12.00 | 17.00-19.00 | - | - | 0.50-0.70 | ≥515 | ≥205 | ≥30 | - | ≤201 | - | - | - | Solution Stabilization | 1050-1080°C 870-900°C | Water Quenching Air Cooling | ||
| F310 | S31000 | 20Cr25Ni20 | ≤0.25 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | ≤1.50 | 19.00-22.00 | 24.00-26.00 | - | - | - | ≥520 | ≥205 | ≥40 | - | ≤187 | - | - | - | Solution | 1050-1150°C | Water Quenching | ||
| 904L | N08904 | GB/T 20878-2007 | ≤0.02 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.03 | ≤1.00 | 23.00-28.00 | 19.00-23.00 | 4.00-5.00 | 1.00-2.00 | - | N: ≤0.10 | ≥490 | ≥215 | ≥35 | - | ≤150 | - | - | - | Solution | 1100-1150°C | Water Quenching | |
| Martensitic Stainless Steel | F6A/410 | S41000 | 1Cr13 | ≤0.15 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.03 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.50 | 11.50-13.50 | - | - | - | ≥585 | ≥380 | ≥18 | ≥35 | 167-229 | - | - | - | Normalizing Tempering | 980-1010°C 675-℃ | Air Cooling | |
| Duplex Stainless Steel | F51/2205 | S31803 | 022Cr22Ni5Mo3N | ≤0.03 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.30 | ≤0.02 | ≤1.00 | 4.50-6.50 | 21.00-23.00 | 2.50-3.50 | - | - | N: 0.08-0.20 | ≥620 | ≥450 | ≥25 | ≥45 | ≤260 | -50 | 35 | 45 | Solution | 1050-1130°C | Water Quenching |
| F52 | S32950 | 00Cr25Ni5MoN | ≤0.03 | ≤2.00 | - | - | - | 3.50-5.20 | 26.00-29.00 | 1.00-2.50 | - | - | N: 0.15-0.35 | ≥620 | ≥450 | ≥25 | - | ≤310 | - | - | - | Solution | 1050-1130°C | Water Quenching | |
| F53/2507 | S32750 | 022Cr25Ni7Mo4N | ≤0.03 | ≤1.20 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.02 | ≤0.80 | 6.00-8.00 | 24.00-26.00 | 3.00-5.00 | ≤0.50 | ≤0.50 | N: 0.24-0.32 | ≥730 | ≥515 | ≥15 | - | ≤310 | - | - | - | Solution | 1050-1130°C | Water Quenching | |
| F55 | S32760 | 022Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCuN | ≤0.03 | ≤1.00 | - | - | ≤0.60 | 6.00-8.00 | 24.00-26.00 | 3.00-4.00 | 1 | - | N: 0.20-0.30; W: 0.50-1.00 | 750-895 | ≥550 | ≥25 | ≥45 | ≤272 | - | - | - | Solution | 1050-1130°C | Water Quenching | |
| F60 | J93404 | 022Cr22Ni5Mo3N | ≤0.03 | ≤2.00 | ≤0.030 | ≤0.02 | ≤1.00 | 4.50-6.50 | 22.00-23.00 | 3.00-3.50 | 0.50-1.00 | - | N: 0.14-0.20 | ≥655 | ≥450 | ≥25 | ≥45 | 250-350 | - | - | - | Solution | 1050-1130°C | Water Quenching | |
| Ferritic Stainless Steel | A3 | A30352 | 0Cr18Ni9 | ≤0.26 | 0.80-1.20 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.05 | 0.15-0.40 | - | - | - | - | - | 400-550 | ≥235 | ≥26 | ≥27 | 120-160 | - | - | - | Normalizing | 850-920°C | Air Cooling | |
| A105 | G105N00 | GB/T12228-2006 | ≤0.35 | 0.60-1.05 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.35 | ≤0.40 | ≤0.30 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.40 | - | ≥485 | ≥250 | ≥22 | ≥30 | ≤187 | - | - | - | Normalizing | 910-930°C | Air Cooling | ||
| LF2 | NO8800 | GB/T3618-1989 | ≤0.30 | 0.60-1.35 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.04 | 0.15-0.30 | ≤0.40 | ≤0.30 | ≤0.12 | ≤0.40 | - | V:≤0.08 | 485-655 | ≥250 | ≥22 | ≥30 | ≤197 | -46 | 20 | 27 | Normalizing Tempering | 870-940°C 650-650°C | Air Cooling | |
| 45#钢 | C45E4 | GB/T699 | 0.42-0.50 | 0.50-0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | 0.17-0.37 | - | ≤0.25 | - | - | - | ≥600 | ≥355 | ≥16 | ≥40 | ≤197 | - | - | - | Normalizing | 850°C | Air Cooling | ||
| Nickel-Based Alloy | Monel 400 | NO4400 | GB/T 20878-2007 | ≤0.30 | ≤2.00 | - | ≤0.024 | ≤0.50 | ≥63.00 | - | - | 28.00-34.00 | - | ≥483 | ≥195 | ≥35 | - | 135-180 | - | - | - | Solution Aging | 980-1040°C 540-℃ | Water Quenching Air Cooling | |
| Monel -K500 | NO5500 | GB/T6270-2009 | ≤0.25 | ≤1.50 | - | ≤0.01 | ≤0.50 | ≥63.00 | - | - | 27.0-33.0 | 0.35-0.85 | ≥965 | ≥690 | ≥20 | ≥20 | 266-325 | - | - | - | Solution Aging | 870-980°C 595-605°C | Water Quenching Air Cooling | ||
| INCONEL 600 | N06600 | NS312 | ≤0.009 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.02 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.05 | ≥72.00 | 14.50-17.50 | 14.00-17.00 | - | 0.7 | Co：2.00 | ≥552 | ≥241 | - | ≥30 | 170-240 | - | - | - | Annealing | 1020-1050°C | Furnace Cooling | |
| INCONEL 625 | N06625 | NS336 | ≤0.10 | - | ≤0.015 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.50 | ≥58.00 | 20.00-23.00 | 8.00-10.00 | - | ≤0.40 | Nb：3.15-4.15 Mo：8.00-10.00 | ≥817 | ≥414 | - | ≥30 | ≤325 | - | - | - | Annealing | 925-1205°C | Furnace Cooling | |
| INCONEL 718 | N07718 | GH4169 | ≤0.08 | ≤0.35 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.35 | 50.00-55.00 | 17.00-21.00 | 2.80-3.30 | ≤0.30 | 0.65-1.15 | Nb:4.75-5.50 Al:0.20-0.80 Co:≤1.00 | ≥1275 | ≥1034 | ≥15 | ≥12 | 325-370 | - | - | - | Solution Aging | 924-1010°C 718±14°C | Air Cooling | |
| INCOLOY 800 | N08800 | NS111 | ≤0.10 | ≤1.50 | - | ≤0.015 | ≤1.00 | 30.00-35.00 | 19.00-23.00 | - | ≤0.75 | 0.15-0.60 | Al:0.15-0.60 | ≥448 | ≥172 | - | ≥30 | ≤325 | - | - | - | Annealing | 980-1040°C | Furnace Cooling | |
| INCOLOY 825 | N08825 | NS142 | ≤0.05 | ≤1.00 | - | ≤0.03 | ≤0.50 | 38.00-46.00 | 19.50-23.50 | 2.50-3.50 | 1.50-3.00 | 0.60-1.20 | Al：≤0.20 | ≥586 | ≥241 | - | ≥30 | ≤325 | - | - | - | Annealing | 925-980°C | Furnace Cooling | |
| HASTELLOY C-276 | N10276 | NS334 | ≤0.01 | ≤1.00 | - | - | ≤0.08 | ≥57.00 | 16 | 16 | - | - | Co：≤2.50 W:4.00 V:≤0.35 | ≥690 | ≥283 | - | ≥40 | ≤325 | - | - | - | Solution | 1180-1200°C | Water Quenching | |
| Special Stainless Steel | XM-19 | UNS S31803 | FXM-19 | ≤0.06 | 4.00-6.00 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.03 | ≤1.00 | 11.50-13.50 | 20.50-23.50 | 1.50-3.00 | - | - | Nb:0.10-0.30 N:0.20-0.40 V:0.10-0.30 | ≥690 | ≥380 | ≥35 | ≥55 | 325-370 | - | - | - | Solution | 1065-1100°C | Water Quenching |
| C-4 | N06455 | NS335 | ≤0.009 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.02 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.05 | margin | 14.50-17.50 | 14.00-17.00 | - | 0.7 | Co：2.00 | - | - | - | Solution | 1180-1200°C | Water Quenching | ||||||
| 17-4PH | S17400 | 05Cr17Ni | ≤0.07 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.04 | ≤0.03 | ≤1.00 | 3.00-5.00 | 15.50-17.50 | - | 3.00-5.00 | - | Nb:0.15-0.45 | ≥930 | ≥725 | ≥16 | ≥50 | ≥277 | Room Temperature | 30 | 41 | Solution Aging | 1020-1060°C 620°C | Water Quenching Air Cooling | |
| Category | Code | Powder Name | Main Chemical Composition % | Service Temperature (℃) | Coating Hardness (HRC) | Bond Strength (Mpa) | Coating Thickness (mm) | Spraying Process | |||||||||||||||||
| Ni-based Alloy | Ni55A | Ni55A | 0.5-0.9 | ≤0.08 | ≤5.0 | margin | 14.0-17.0 | -- | -- | 3.5-5.0 | 2.5-4.0 | -- | -- | -- | -200~600 | 52-57 | ≥150 | Finished product thickness 0.5mm-1.0mm | oxy-acetylene flame spraying welding |
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| Ni55AA | 0.5-0.9 | ≤0.08 | ≤3.0 | margin | 14.0-17.0 | -- | -- | 3.5-5.5 | 2.5-4.5 | -- | -- | -- | -200~600 | 52-57 | ≥150 | ||||||||||
| Ni60A | Ni60A | 0.5-1.1 | ≤0.08 | ≤5.0 | margin | 15.0-20.0 | -- | -- | 3.0-5.0 | 3.0-4.5 | -- | -- | -- | -200~600 | 57-62 | ≥150 | |||||||||
| Ni60AA | 0.5-1.1 | ≤0.08 | ≤3.0 | margin | 15.0-20.0 | -- | -- | 3.0-5.5 | 3.0-5.0 | -- | -- | -- | -200~600 | 57-62 | ≥150 | ||||||||||
| Ni65 | Ni65A | 0.8-1.2 | ≤0.08 | ≤5.0 | margin | 15.0-20.0 | -- | -- | 3.0-5.0 | 3.0-4.0 | -- | -- | -- | -200~600 | 58-63 | ≥150 | |||||||||
| STL | SFCo-12 | 0.6-1.1 | -- | ≤3.0 | 12.0-19.0 | 16.0-20.0 | 6.0-9.0 | margin | 2.0-4.0 | 1.5-3.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.5 | -- | -200~600 | 55-62 | ≥150 | |||||||||
| Stellite / Cu-Mo-Ni | SFCo-20 | 0.8-1.6 | -- | ≤3.0 | 12.0-19.0 | 16.0-20.0 | 10.0-16.0 | 2.5-4.0 | 1.5-3.5 | ≤1.0 | -- | -- | -200~600 | 55-62 | ≥150 | ||||||||||
| Copper-molybdenum-nickel-based | Ni6325 | 16C | 0.4-0.8 | -- | 2.5-3.0 | margin | 15.0-17.0 | -- | -- | 3.0-5.0 | 3.0-4.0 | -- | 2.0-4.0 | 2.0-4.0 | -200~600 | 55-62 | ≥150 | ||||||||
| Ni-based Tungsten Carbide | Ni Wc | Ni60-WC5% | 0.7-1.2 | -- | ≤8.0 | margin | 14.0-17.0 | 2.0-7.0 | -- | 3.0-5.0 | 2.5-3.5 | -- | -- | -- | -200~600 | 55-63 | ≥150 | ||||||||
| Ni60-WC10% | 0.9-1.5 | -- | ≤10.0 | margin | 14.0-17.0 | 8.0-10.0 | -- | 3.0-5.0 | 2.5-3.5 | -- | -- | -- | -200~600 | 55-63 | ≥150 | ||||||||||
| Ni60-WC15% | 0.8-1.5 | -- | ≤10.0 | margin | 14.0-17.0 | 12.0-16.0 | -- | 3.0-5.0 | 2.5-3.5 | -- | -- | -- | -200~600 | 55-63 | ≥150 | ||||||||||
| Ni60-WC25% | 1.0-2.0 | -- | ≤15.0 | margin | 8.0-15.0 | 22.0-27.0 | -- | 3.0-5.0 | 2.5-3.5 | -- | -- | -- | -200~600 | 55-65 | ≥150 | ||||||||||
| Ni60-WC35% | 1.3-2.5 | -- | ≤15.0 | margin | 8.0-15.0 | 27.0-35.0 | -- | 2.5-4.5 | 2.0-4.0 | -- | -- | -- | -200~600 | 55-65 | ≥150 | ||||||||||
| Ni60-WC35% | 1.3-2.5 | -- | ≤15.0 | Balance | 8.0-15.0 | 27.0-35.0 | -- | 2.5-4.5 | 2.0-4.0 | -- | -- | -- | -200~600 | 55-65 | ≥150 | ||||||||||
| Stellite | STL | STL6# | 0.9-1.4 | -- | ≤3.0 | ≤3.0 | 27.0-30.0 | 3.5-5.5 | margin | 0.8-1.5 | -- | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | -- | -200~700 | 35-50 | ≥69 | Finished product thickness 0.2mm-0.3mm | HVOF | ||||||
| STL12# | 1.25-1.55 | -- | ≤3.0 | ≤3.0 | 28.0-31.0 | 7.25-9.25 | margin | 1.0-1.7 | -- | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | -- | -200~700 | 42-60 | ≥69 | ||||||||||
| STL20# | 2.3-2.6 | -- | ≤3.0 | ≤3.0 | 31.0-34.0 | 16.0-18.0 | margin | ≤1.0 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.5 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.03 | -200~700 | ≥52 | ≥69 | ||||||||||
| Chromium carbide | CrC/CCC | Cr3C2/NiCr-75/25 | 9.0-11.0 | -- | -- | 19.0-21.0 | margin | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -200~700 | 800-1000HV0.3 | ≥70 | HVOF/HVAF | |||||||
| Cr3C2/NiCr-80/20 | 9.0-11.0 | -- | -- | 14.0-18.0 | margin | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -200~700 | 800-1000HV0.3 | ≥70 | ||||||||||
| 碳化钨 | WC/TCC | WC/Co/Cr-86/10/4 | 3.5-4.5 | -- | -- | -- | 3.5-4.5 | margin | 9.0-11.0 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -200~550 | ≥1050HV0.3 | ≥70 | ||||||||
| WC/Co-88/12 | 4.8-5.5 | -- | -- | -- | -- | margin | 11.0-13.0 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -200~550 | ≥1050HV0.3 | ≥70 | ||||||||||
| WC/Co-83/17 | 3.5-4.5 | -- | -- | -- | -- | margin | 16.0-18.0 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -200~550 | ≥1050HV0.3 | ≥70 | ||||||||||
| 2#WC/WC/TCC | WC/Cr/Ni-73/20/7 | 5.0-7.0 | -- | -- | 6.0-8.0 | 16.5-18.5 | margin | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -200~750 | ≥1050HV0.3 | ≥70 | |||||||||
| WC/TCC | WC/Ni-90/10 | 5.1-5.8 | -- | -- | 9.0-11.0 | -- | margin | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -200~550 | ≥1050HV0.3 | ≥70 | |||||||||
The main surface treatment processes for ball valves include electroplating, spraying, heat treatment, and chemical treatment, all aimed at improving the valve's corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and aesthetics.
Electroplating:
Electroplating involves electrolyzing a layer of metal or alloy onto the ball valve surface. Common types include chrome plating and zinc plating. Chrome-plated ball valves have a mirror-like finish, good corrosion resistance, and high hardness; zinc plating effectively prevents rust and extends service life. However, electroplating is costly and carries significant environmental impact.
Spraying:
Spraying involves applying a layer of paint to the ball valve surface to form a protective layer. Common paints include epoxy resin paint and polyurethane paint. Spraying is simple to apply, low-cost, and offers a wide range of colors, but the thickness and uniformity of the spray layer significantly affect the protective effect.
Heat Treatment:
Heat treatment includes methods such as nitriding and quenching. Nitriding forms a dense nitrided layer on the ball valve surface, improving wear and corrosion resistance; quenching increases the surface hardness and strength of the ball valve. However, heat treatment is complex, energy-intensive, and relatively selective in its application to materials.
Chemical Treatment Processes:
Chemical treatment alters the surface properties of ball valves through chemical reactions. Common methods include pickling and passivation. Pickling removes surface oxide scale and rust, while passivation forms a dense passivation film, improving corrosion resistance.
Hardening Processes:
Ball valve surface hardening processes include hard alloy overlay welding, hard chrome plating, plasma nitriding, and high-velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF). Hard alloy overlay welding is complex and has low production efficiency; hard chrome plating is low-cost but has limited operating temperature; plasma nitriding has poor corrosion resistance; and high-velocity oxygen fuel spraying features high bonding strength and low porosity, making it suitable for high-viscosity fluids and highly corrosive environments.
With the increasing sophistication of industrial production, the control precision requirements for ball valves are constantly rising. This is particularly true in industries with extremely high fluid control precision, such as semiconductor manufacturing and biopharmaceuticals. Ball valves need to possess accurate flow regulation and on/off control capabilities to ensure the stability of the production process and product quality. Furthermore, the sealing performance of ball valves is also crucial. Future developments will utilize more advanced sealing materials and structural designs, such as high-performance polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) materials and metal hard seal structures, to achieve zero or extremely low leakage, thereby improving equipment safety and reliability.
Intelligent and Automated: Intelligent ball valves will integrate intelligent components such as sensors, controllers, and communication modules to achieve remote monitoring, automatic diagnosis, and automatic adjustment. For example, sensors can monitor the working status and fluid parameters of the ball valve in real time and transmit the data to the control system, enabling remote control and intelligent management of the ball valve. In addition, ball valves will be more closely integrated with industrial automation systems, becoming an important component of automated production lines.
Green and Environmentally Friendly: With increasingly stringent environmental regulations, ball valves will use more environmentally friendly materials, such as recyclable and low-pollution materials, to reduce their impact on the environment. Meanwhile, the production process of ball valves will place greater emphasis on energy conservation and emission reduction, employing advanced manufacturing processes and equipment to reduce energy consumption and pollutant emissions.
Customized Services: Different industrial sectors and application scenarios have varying requirements for ball valves. In the future, ball valve manufacturers will focus more on providing customized products and services to customers. For example, for extreme operating conditions such as cryogenic, ultra-high temperature, high pressure, and high vacuum, ball valve manufacturers will design and produce ball valve products that meet specific customer needs.
Technological Innovation: The electric ball valve industry will continuously increase investment in technological research and development and innovation to improve product performance and quality. For example, by adopting advanced automated production equipment and precision machining technology, production speed and product quality can be improved, while reducing human error and scrap rates; the application of high-performance materials will further enhance the reliability and service life of electric ball valves.
Industrial Applications:
Petroleum, Chemical, and Metallurgical Industries: In these industries, ball valves are commonly used in equipment and piping systems handling flammable and explosive media, especially in high-pressure systems and applications requiring strict sealing.
Power Industry: In the power industry, ball valves are used for high-pressure shut-off and flow regulation, suitable for high operating pressure and temperature ranges.
Urban Construction: In urban construction, ball valves are used in municipal facilities such as water supply and gas supply to ensure stable fluid supply and control.
Special Applications:
Cryogenic Systems: Ball valves are suitable for cryogenic environments, such as cryogenic systems and piping systems.
Corrosive Media: In piping systems containing corrosive media, ball valves provide excellent sealing and corrosion resistance.
High-Pressure Shut-off: Ball valves are suitable for environments requiring rapid opening and closing and large pressure differentials, such as contraction channels and slurry pipelines in the petroleum and chemical industries.
